A large UK study called Baby-OSCAR followed 653 very premature babies who had a common heart-related condition, and it found that giving the medicine ibuprofen early — to close an open blood vessel near the heart — did not help babies survive better, breathe better, or develop better than giving a…

Some babies are born with serious heart conditions known as critical congenital heart disease, or CCHD — heart defects that can become life-threatening in the first months of life unless they are found and treated early. Many of these conditions lower the amount of oxygen in a baby's blood, often…

Before a baby is born, it doesn't use its lungs — it gets all the oxygen it needs from its mother through the placenta. Because the lungs aren't working yet, the fetal body has a clever shortcut: a small blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus that diverts blood away from the lungs and straight…

Before a baby is born, a small blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus lets blood skip past the lungs, which are not yet being used. Think of it as a temporary detour: in the womb the baby gets oxygen from the mother through the placenta rather than from breathing, so there is no reason to send…