Endocrine & MetabolicNutrition

Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR)

The GIR quantifies the rate at which glucose is delivered per kilogram per minute. It is the essential metric for managing neonatal glucose homeostasis — from the first IV dextrose bolus through complex TPN programming for hyperinsulinism.

Formula

GIR (mg/kg/min) = [D% × rate (mL/hr) × 1000] ÷ [weight (kg) × 60 × 100]

Equivalently: GIR = [dextrose% × mL/hr] ÷ [weight × 0.6]

Educational tool. Verify all infusion calculations with your pharmacy and institutional protocols.

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Dextrose-containing fluids

Find rate for a target GIR

Typical GIR targets

Clinical scenarioGIR (mg/kg/min)
Term infant, maintenance4–6
Preterm infant, maintenance5–8
Hypoglycemia treatment6–8
Persistent/refractory hypoglycemia (HI)8–12+
Hyperinsulinism, diazoxide-unresponsive12–15+

GIR per line: [dextrose% × rate(mL/hr) × 1000] ÷ [weight(kg) × 60 × 100]; total is the sum across dextrose-containing fluids. Standard reference: ASPEN Core Curriculum, clinical nutrition in neonates.

Frequently asked questions

What is a normal GIR?

Maintenance is about 4–6 mg/kg/min in term and 5–8 in preterm infants; persistent hypoglycemia may require 8–12 or more.

Can I enter a fluid volume instead of a rate?

Yes — switch the unit to mL/kg/day; with a weight entered it converts to mL/hr automatically.

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